Resveratrol Decreases Oxidative Stress by Restoring Mitophagy and Improves the Pathophysiology of Dystrophin-Deficient mdx Mice

Figure 1

Downregulation of mitophagy and autophagy and increased ROS levels in the muscle of mdx mice. (a) Expression levels of mitophagy- and autophagy-related genes in the quadriceps muscle of WT and mdx mice at 22 weeks of age. Data were normalized to 18s ribosomal RNA. . (b) Representative Western blots for LC3, phosho-Ser65-4EBP1 (P-4EBP1), and total 4EBP1 in the quadriceps muscle (upper). Summary data of the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio and P-4EBP1 levels normalized to the total 4EBP1 level in the muscle (lower). . (c) Representative Western blots for p62 in the quadriceps muscle (upper) and summary data (lower). . (d) Representative dihydroethidium (DHE) staining in the quadriceps (left) and summary data of DHE fluorescence (right). Six randomly selected images were captured in each muscle section, and 4 mice were analyzed in each group. Scale bar: 50 μm. . WT: wild type.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)