Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. Extract and Gallic Acid Attenuate LPS-Induced Inflammation and Oxidative Stress via MAPK/NF-κB and Akt/AMPK/Nrf2 Pathways

Figure 4

Effects of TBE and GA on ROS production in LPS-stimulated macrophages. (a, b) RAW 264 cells were pretreated with 100–400 μg/mL TBE or 11.5–46 μg/mL GA for 1 h, followed by treatment with 100 ng/mL LPS for 7 h. Intracellular ROS levels were measured using CM-H₂DCFDA. Data represent mean ± SD, ( compared to LPS group).

(a)

(b)