Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. Extract and Gallic Acid Attenuate LPS-Induced Inflammation and Oxidative Stress via MAPK/NF-κB and Akt/AMPK/Nrf2 Pathways

Figure 5

Effect of TBE on antioxidant enzyme expression and antioxidant signaling pathway in LPS-stimulated macrophages. (a) RAW 264 cells were pretreated with 100–400 μg/mL TBE for 1 h, followed by treatment with 100 ng/mL LPS for 4 h. The mRNA levels of Hmox1, Cat, Nqo1, and Gclm were detected by real-time RT-PCR. (b) RAW 264 cells were pretreated with 100–400 μg/mL TBE for 1 h, followed by treatment with 100 ng/mL LPS for 6 h. The protein levels of HO-1 and catalase were detected by Western blotting. (c) RAW 264 cells were pretreated with 100–400 μg/mL TBE for 1 h, followed by treatment with 100 ng/mL LPS for 2 h. Nrf2 activation was determined by measuring cytosolic and nuclear Nrf2 levels. (d) RAW 264 cells were pretreated with 100–400 μg/mL TBE for 1 h, followed by treatment with 100 ng/mL LPS for 0.5 h. Akt and AMPK activation was detected by Western blotting. Data represent mean ± SD, (, , compared to LPS group).

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