Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy as a Result of Mild Hypercaloric Challenge in Absence of Signs of Diabetes: Modulation by Antidiabetic Drugs

Figure 8

Cellular and molecular changes in brainstem in response to HC feeding and the effect of treatment with metformin or pioglitazone. (a) Representative micrographs of DHE and TGF-β immunostaining of brainstem sections. Data presented are serial sections obtained from the same tissue and are representative of tissues harvested from three rats in each group. Scale bars are 50 μm. (b) Changes in phosphorylation of Erk1/2 (above) and AMPK (below) in brainstem in response to HC feeding and treatment with metformin or pioglitazone. The depicted blots are representative of experiments performed on protein extracts from tissues harvested from three rats in each group. The bar graphs represent comparison of the normalized intensity of the phosphorylated protein bands.

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