Nocturnal Hypoxia Improves Glucose Disposal, Decreases Mitochondrial Efficiency, and Increases Reactive Oxygen Species in the Muscle and Liver of C57BL/6J Mice Independent of Weight Change

Figure 5

Mitochondrial state 3 (S3), state 4 (S4), and respiratory control ratio (RCR: S3/S4) oxygen consumption and mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide production (reactive oxygen species; ROS) in lean and obese mice. (a–d) Muscle data from individual lean and obese control mice exposed to room air. (e–h) Mean ± s.e.m. change in muscle S3, S4, RCR, and ROS from room air control (Air) in lean and obese mice exposed to nocturnal 10% hypoxia (N10%) and continuous 10% hypoxia (C10%). (i–l) Liver data from individual lean and obese control mice exposed to room air. (m–p) Mean ± s.e.m. change in liver S3, S4, RCR, and ROS from room air control (Air) in lean (n = 7–11 per experimental group) and obese mice (n = 7–11 per experimental group) exposed to nocturnal 10% hypoxia (N10%) and continuous 10% hypoxia (C10%). Statistical differences marked by horizontal lines determined by two-tailed unpaired t-test. Tukey’s post hoc analysis of one-way ANOVA used to determine differences relative between Air and either N10% or C10% exposure separately in lean and obese mice. compared to Air, compared to Air.