Peptides from Cauliflower By-Products, Obtained by an Efficient, Ecosustainable, and Semi-Industrial Method, Exert Protective Effects on Endothelial Function

Figure 2

(a) HUVECs were treated with peptide fractions (4-12) and the whole hydrolysate at a concentration of 1 mg/ml for 24 hours and then exposed to oxidative stress generated by 50 μM H₂O₂ for 30 min. Treatment with 100 μM Trolox (T) for 24 hours was used as reference. Intracellular ROS levels were measured by means of H₂DCFDA assay as described in Materials and Methods. HUVECs were pretreated with cauliflower fractions (1 mg/ml) for 8 h before 24 h of exposure to TNF-α (10 ng/ml). Total RNA was extracted, and qRT-PCR analysis was performed to determine (b) SOD-1 gene expression and (c) GPx-1 expression. Relative changes in mRNA expression levels were calculated according to the 2^−ΔΔCt method using RPL13A as reference gene. Results are expressed as of three independent experiments. , , and significantly different from the vehicle (V, DMSO).

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