Flavonoids from Apios americana Medikus Leaves Protect RAW264.7 Cells against Inflammation via Inhibition of MAPKs, Akt-mTOR Pathways, and Nfr2 Activation

Figure 2

Effects of ALE on LPS-induced secretion of inflammatory factors in RAW264.7 cells. (a–e) IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN production in cell culture medium according to the ELISA method (). ALE-treated cells were inoculated in different concentrations of ALE for 24 hours, and then, 250 ng/mL LPS was added for a total of 12 hours. Cells without LPS and ALE were used as a negative control group. Cells treated with LPS alone were used as a model group. Images were captured with a fluorescence microscope in the same settings. Significance analysis was carried out according to the one-way ANOVA test, and different letters in figures mean statistically significant differences among the groups (A, B, C, and D were labeled from large to small and the same letters in columns mean statistical insignificance; otherwise, they mean statistical significance ()).

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