Flavonoids from Apios americana Medikus Leaves Protect RAW264.7 Cells against Inflammation via Inhibition of MAPKs, Akt-mTOR Pathways, and Nfr2 Activation

Figure 4

Effect of ALE on LPS-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in RAW264.7 cells (). (a–c) Mitochondria, mitochondrial membrane potential, and mitochondrial membrane lipid peroxidation alterations of RAW164.7 cells in the presence of LPS and ALE under different treatments which were incubated with MitoTracker, RH123, and NAO. (d–f) The quantitative data of (a), (b), and (c). Images were captured with a fluorescence microscope in the same settings. All the fluorescence images were quantified in the whole field with the background removed and represented by normalized fluorescence (-axes) via Image-Pro Plus 6.0 (). Significance analysis was carried out according to the one-way ANOVA test, and different letters in figures mean statistically significant differences among the groups (A, B, C, and D were labeled from large to small and the same letters in columns mean statistical insignificance; otherwise, they mean statistical significance ()).