Antimycin A-Induced Mitochondrial Damage Causes Human RPE Cell Death despite Activation of Autophagy

Figure 3

Aa exposure disrupts the MMP. A 4-hour exposure to Aa caused a dose-dependent decrease in MitoTracker Green FM fluorescence in ARPE-19 cells (a). A concentration of 25 μM Aa led to an almost complete loss of MitoTracker fluorescence when observed under the confocal microscope (ARPE-19 cells (b), scale bar: 20 μm; green: MitoTracker Green FM; blue: Hoechst 33342). A second MitoTracker probe, MitoTracker Red CMXRos also showed a dose-dependent reduction in fluorescence activity 4 hours after Aa treatment (c). In hRPE cells treated with 20 μM Aa for 4 hours, MitoTracker Green FM fluorescence was also markedly decreased (9 donors) (d). Results are a combination of six (a), three (c), or ten (d) independent experiments with four (a, c) or 3 (d) parallels per group. Results are presented as . Microscopy images shown are representative. , Mann-Whitney test.

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