Review Article
Triclosan: An Update on Biochemical and Molecular Mechanisms
Table 1
Summary of membrane and cytoskeletal targets of TCS.
| | Model | Target | Response | | Gene/protein | Molecular identity |
| | K. pneumoniae | KpnGH | Efflux pump | Sensitive to TCS |
| | E. coli | AcrAB | Efflux pumps | Upregulated by TCS | | acrE | Upregulated by TCS | | mdtE | Upregulated by TCS | | acrF | Upregulated by TCS | | mdtB | Upregulated by TCS | | mdtC | Upregulated by TCS | | yddA | Upregulated by TCS | | emrA | Upregulated by TCS | | emrE | Upregulated by TCS | | sanA | Cell wall/membrane structure | Upregulated by TCS | | dacB | Upregulated by TCS | | amiC | Cell envelope | Upregulated by TCS | | clsA | Upregulated by TCS | | ompX | Membrane porin | Downregulated by TCS | | motA | Flagellar | Upregulated by TCS | | flgM | Upregulated by TCS |
| | R. rubrum S1H | sugE | Small multidrug resistance protein | Upregulated by TCS | | mexF | RND efflux system, inner membrane transporter | Upregulated by TCS | | mexB | Upregulated by TCS | | mexE | RND efflux system, membrane fusion proteins | Sensitive to TCS | | mexA | Upregulated by TCS | | mexM | Upregulated by TCS | | oprM | RND efflux system, outer membrane transporter | Upregulated by TCS | | glmM | Cell envelope; phosphoglucosamine mutase | Upregulated by TCS | | exoD | Cell envelope; exopolysaccharide synthesis protein D | Upregulated by TCS | | wbpM | Cell envelope; polysaccharide biosynthesis protein M | Upregulated by TCS |
| | A. tumefaciens C58 | AcrA | RND efflux system, periplasmic adaptor protein | Upregulated by TCS |
| | Human erythrocytes | Na+,K+,Mg2+-ATPase | Membrane ion transporter | Sensitive to TCS |
| | C. elegans | Pmp-3 | Membrane ABC transporter | Downregulated by TCS |
| | D. rerio | Actin, cytoplasmic 2 | Cytoskeleton | Downregulated by TCS | | Actin α1, skeletal muscle | Downregulated by TCS | | Light polypeptide 3 | Downregulated by TCS | | Desmin | Cytoskeleton; muscular filament structure | Upregulated by TCS | | Fast skeletal muscle myosin | Sensitive to TCS | | Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 18 | Upregulated by TCS | | Tropomyosin α-1 chain | Downregulated by TCS | | Type II cytokeratin | Upregulated by TCS | | Lamin B1 | Cytoskeleton; nuclear lamina | Downregulated by TCS |
| | D. polymorpha | Tubulin β-2/α-4 chain | Cytoskeleton | Upregulated by TCS | | Tubulin β-4 chain | Upregulated by TCS | | Myosin light chain | Cytoskeleton; muscular filament structure | Upregulated by TCS |
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Abbreviation: RND: resistance-nodulation-division; ABC: ATP-binding cassette.
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