Review Article
Triclosan: An Update on Biochemical and Molecular Mechanisms
Table 6
TCS modulation of signaling pathways.
| | Model | Target | Response | | Pathways | TCS role |
| | H460 cells | FAK/Akt | Cellular migration and invasion | Upregulated by TCS | | Rac1 | Upregulated by TCS |
| | JB6 Cl 41-5a cells | ERK1/2 | Cell proliferation | Upregulated by TCS | | JNK | Upregulated by TCS | | p38 | Upregulated by TCS | | Akt | Upregulated by TCS | | PI3K | Upregulated by TCS |
| | Rat neural stem cells | JNK | Cytotoxicity and apoptosis | Upregulated by TCS | | p38 | | Upregulated by TCS | | ERK | | Akt | Downregulated by TCS | | PI3K | Downregulated by TCS | | Downregulated by TCS |
| | Sprague-Dawley rats hypothalamus and Nthy-ori 3-1 cells | JNK | Reduced TPO; hypothyroidism | Upregulated by TCS | | p38 | Upregulated by TCS |
| | Whole blood leukocytes | Nik | Anti-inflammatory response | Downregulated by TCS | | Cjun | Downregulated by TCS | | Mouse osteoblastic osteocarcinoma | Fos | Downregulated by TCS | | Jun | Downregulated by TCS | | Ap1 | Downregulated by TCS |
| | BG-1 | ERα | Cell proliferation | Upregulated by TCS | | MCF-7 cells | ERα | Sensitive to TCS | | pIRS-1 | Upregulated by TCS | | pAKT | Upregulated by TCS | | pMEK1/2 | Upregulated by TCS | | pERK1/2 | Upregulated by TCS | | VM7Luc4E2 cells | Erα | Downregulated by TCS | | Ps2 | Upregulated by TCS | | ERα | Downregulated by TCS | | pS2 | Upregulated by TCS | | miR-22 | Upregulated by TCS | | miR-206 | Upregulated by TCS | | miR-193b | Upregulated by TCS |
| | Sheep placenta | E2 | Anti-estrogenicity | Downregulated by TCS | | Estrogen sulfotransferase | Downregulated by TCS | | BG1Luc4E2 cells | ER | Downregulated by TCS |
| | Sprague-Dawley rats and GH3 cells | CaBP-9 k | Estrogenicity | Upregulated by TCS |
| | LNCaP | AR | Androgenicity; cell proliferation, and migration | Upregulated by TCS |
| | T47D-ARE cells | AR | Anti-androgenicity | Downregulated by TCS |
| | H4L1.1c4 cells | AR | Pro(anti)-androgenicity | Sensitive to TCS |
| | HepG2 cells | Acyl-coenzyme A oxidase | Blunted lipid metabolism | Downregulated by TCS |
| | Hepa1c1c7 cells | Acyl-coenzyme A oxidase | Enhanced lipid metabolism and DNA synthesis | Upregulated by TCS | | TGF-β | Antiapoptosis | Downregulated by TCS |
| | D. rerio | PPARα | Enhanced lipid metabolism | Upregulated by TCS | | PPARγ | Upregulated by TCS | | G. gallus embryo livers | PPARα | Upregulated by TCS |
| | ICR mice | Akt | Impaired glucose metabolism | Downregulated by TCS | | mTOR | Downregulated by TCS |
| | C57BL/6 mice | CAR | Tumorigenesis | Upregulated by TCS |
| | HepG2 cells | CAR | Enhanced hepatic catabolism | Upregulated by TCS | | PXR | Upregulated by TCS |
| | Rodent FAO hepatoma cells | CAR | Reduced hepatic catabolism | Downregulated by TCS |
| | Primary skeletal myotubes | Ca2+ | Diminished muscle contractility | Upregulated by TCS | | RyR1 | Upregulated by TCS | | P. promelas muscle homogenates | Ryr2 | Sensitive to TCS | | Ryr3 | Downregulated by TCS | | RyR | Downregulated by TCS |
| | Rat thymocytes | Ca2+ | Cell membrane hyperpolarization | Upregulated by TCS |
| | RBL cells | Ca2+ | Mast cell degranulation | Downregulated by TCS |
| | C. reinhardtii | Ca2+ | Dampened photosynthesis | Upregulated by TCS |
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TCS is anti-estrogenic in the presence of E2. |
