Potential of Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidants to Prevent Oxidative Stress in Pancreatic β-cells

Figure 4

Effect of matrix-targeted antioxidants S1QEL and S3QEL on MitoSOX Red responses to matrix-released superoxide. Relative rates for superoxide release to the mitochondrial matrix in INS-1E cells, incubated in a medium with 25 mmol·l^-1 glucose, are normalized to those obtained in controls without any agent addition ((a, b); dashed line). When indicated, also 10 μmol·l^-1 S1QEL (S1) or S3QEL (S3) without or together with 1 μmol·l^-1 antimycin A (Anti) or 20 μmol·l^-1 rotenone (Rot) was added at the beginning of 20 min confocal microscopy time-lapsed monitoring. The error bars represent the standard deviation of 4–6 measurements (12 for sole S1QEL). ANOVA (–6): ; .

(a)

(b)