Potential of Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidants to Prevent Oxidative Stress in Pancreatic β-cells

Figure 7

INS-1E cells: prooxidant or antioxidant effects of matrix-targeted antioxidants SkQ1, S1QEL, and S3QEL on natural or rotenone-induced 2 hr ROS accumulation estimated by MitoB. Prooxidant activity (>100%) or antioxidant activity (<100%) is related to ROS accumulated after 2 hr in INS-1E cells. Normalization, i.e., 100%, was always taken to be the measurement with no other agent added at the indicated glucose concentration. INS-1E cells were incubated in a medium with 3 mmol·l^-1 glucose (vs. Glc3) or 25 mmol·l^-1 glucose (vs. Glc25) without (a) or with 20 μmol·l^-1 rotenone (b). When indicated, 1 nmol·l^-1 SkQ1, 10 μmol·l^-1 S1QEL, or S3QEL were added at the beginning. The error bars represent the standard deviation of 3 measurements. Student’s -test gave statistical significance where indicated as follows: ; .

(a)

(b)