Atractylenolide III Attenuates Muscle Wasting in Chronic Kidney Disease via the Oxidative Stress-Mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway

Figure 1

ATL-III prevents CKD-induced muscle atrophy and reduces the levels of inflammatory factors in 5/6 Nx model rats. The animals were sacrificed after treatment for 5 weeks, and the gastrocnemius (Gastroc) and tibial anterior (TA) muscles were observed by a stereoscope to obtain images (/group) (a). The proportion of Gastroc (b) and TA (c) muscle masses normalized to total body weight was quantified and displayed. The volume of transverse muscle fibers was evaluated by H&E staining (d). Representative images of tissue sections from rats in the sham, model, and ATL-III groups are shown by the microscope (400×). The red arrows indicate myofibers affected by atrophy. The average muscle fiber area (μm²) of different groups was compared by one-way ANOVA. Inflammatory factors TNF-α, CRP, IL-1β, and IL-6 in serum and gastrocnemius muscle tissue were detected by ELISA (e) and qPCR analysis (f). Data are presented as the for three independent experiments. , , and .

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