Atractylenolide III Attenuates Muscle Wasting in Chronic Kidney Disease via the Oxidative Stress-Mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway

Figure 4

Effects of ATL-III on apoptosis and autophagy in vitro. The effect of different concentrations of ATL-III on the viability of C2C12 myoblasts was tested by MTT, which indicated that 50 μM was the optimal concentration of the drug. Toxicity test of ATL-III showed that low concentration (20, 30, and 50) has no cytotoxicity to C2C12 myoblasts. The values are presented as the of five independent experiments. (a). The cell proliferation assay showed that ATL-III at 50 μM displayed the best effect in proproliferation than 20 and 30 μM for C2C12 myoblasts incubated with TNF-α (20 ng/ml) (b). ATL-III displayed its antiapoptotic effect in C2C12 myoblasts in the presence or absence of TNF-α (20 ng/ml) in a dose-dependent manner (c). The expression of LC3 (d) by immunofluorescence (200×) in different groups was displayed with DAPI, LC3, and MERGE, respectively. Relative fluorescence intensity of LC3 (e) was compared between groups. , , and .

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