Regulation of Redox Homeostasis by Nonthermal Biocompatible Plasma Discharge in Stem Cell Differentiation

Figure 4

NBP triggers nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways to modulate redox homeostasis by altering the antioxidant system and phase II detoxification enzymes and proteins (e.g., superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GSR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and peroxiredoxin (Prx)).