Device type Gas OES Extracellular RONS Intracellular RONS Scavenger Cell Effect NBP-activated pathway or molecules NBP-reduced effects Ref. Jet N2 NO• , N2 NO NO cPTIO Osteoprogenitor cell line Osteogenesis ALP , COL-1 — [36 ] Jet He O I, NO• , N2 , O3 — NO — hPDL MSCs Osteogenesis ALP enzyme [37 ] Jet N2 NO• , N2 , O2 + — — — Animal Myogenesis p38, MYH3, MHC, MypG, MyoD — [38 ] Jet • OH, O2 , O, NONO NO Hgb Murine-immortalized neural stem cell line C17.2 Primary rat neural stem cells (isolated from the hippocampus) Neurogenesis β -Tublin III, APC,Nestin [39 ] Jet He • OH, • O2 - H2 O2 — — Osteoprogenitor cells (MC3T3-E1 cell line) Osteogenesis ALP enzyme, ALP , OCN — [40 ] DBD Air — H2 O2 H2 O2 , O2 •- NAC, TEMPOL Preosteocytic cell line (MLO-A5); N1511 chondrocyte cell line Osteogenesis & chondrogenesis — — [35 ] DBD N2 NO• , N2 ,• OH H2 O2 , NO — — Osteoprogenitor cell line Osteogenesis p38, FoxO1 — [46 ] DBD N2 and air Excited O I NO O2 •- (mitochondrial), H2 O2 (cytosolic) MitoTEMPO- Trolox, NAC- Mouse neuroblastoma Neuro 2A Neurogenesis ERK, Trk, Ras — [55 ] DBD He ROS RNS — ROS NO BHA Human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) Proliferation AKT, ERK, NF-κ B — [47 ] Jet Air • OH, O I, N2 O2 - , • OH, H2 O2 • OH, H2 O2 Mannitol, catalase and sodium pyruvate Brain and lung cancer cell lines Apoptosis ERK Bak, bax, caspase,H2AX, bcl-2 [82 ] DBD He — — — — Cervical cancer cell line Inhibition of migration — MMP9 ERK, JNK (cell migration) [52 ] Jet • OH, O , O+ (~1013 /m3 ROS density)— Total ROS NAC Head and neck cancer cells Apoptosis JNK, p38, caspase 3 Migration invasion [78 ] Jet • OH, O , O+ — Total ROS NAC Colorectal cancer cell Apoptosis p38, JNK, ERK, β -catenin Cyclin D1 [79 ] Jet O I, NO• , O+ FNS, N2 , • OH — Total ROS NAC Thyroid cancer cell Apoptosis JNK, p38, caspase 3 — [43 ] Jet Air H2 O2 , Ox , OH- , • O2 , NOx H2 O2 , NO H2 O2 , NO NAC cPTIO Cervical cancer cells Apoptosis JNK, p38 — [80 ] Jet He • OH, N2 , O I— Total ROS, NO NAC Melanoma cancer cells Apoptosis TNF, ASK-1, JNK, p38 r-H2AX, casp3/7 — [81 ] Jet Ar • OH, O I, NO, N2 H2 O2 — NAC Ovarian cancer cell, human primary mesothelial cells, BALB/C mice Cancer cell migration — MMP9 inhibits JNK and p38 [53 ] Jet Ar — H2 O2 — — Immune cell lines — ERK, p38, JNK HSP27 (THP-1) — [83 ] Jet Air — — Total ROS NAC catalase Breast carcinoma Apoptosis PTEN pAKT, STAT3 pathway, IL-6R pathway [92 ] DBD Air • OH, O I, N2 — Total ROS NAC Glioblastoma and lung adenocarcinoma cell lines, BALB/c mice Migration, growth E-cadherin (epithelial maker) PI3K/Akt, N-cadherin, Slug, Zeb-1 [102 ] Jet He and O2 ROS density with ~1013 /m3 — Total ROS NAC Head and neck cancer cell lines Growth inhibition — Akt degradation [94 ]