Regulation of Redox Homeostasis by Nonthermal Biocompatible Plasma Discharge in Stem Cell Differentiation

Table 2

Comparison of advantages and disadvantages between NBP and other strategies in inducing stem cell differentiation.

	Advantages	Disadvantages	Reference
Chemical and biological stimuli	High efficiency; Easy application; Well established; High rates of proliferation and differentiation; Can be produced in large quantities	High cost; Very labile; May cause side effects; Active multiple signaling pathways and lack of specificity	[103, 104]
Physical stimuli	Manipulation of extracellular and physical environment for cells; Proper electric field is benefit for cardiomyogenic differentiation	Heat effect; Electrical effect; Hard to control the proper amount; Standardization required	[105–108]
NBP	Low cost; Convenient and portable; High availability; The main role of exogenous free radical and ROS; Easy control of the amount of ROS and RNS; Mimic natural biological pathways and have minimum side effects	Mostly research based and very few clinical trials; Mechanically not understood well yet; Standardization required; Low efficiency to differentiate	[35, 36, 46]