Testicular Toxicity of Water Pipe Smoke Exposure in Mice and the Effect of Treatment with Nootkatone Thereon

Figure 4

Representative Western blots indicated that proinflammatory NF-κB was increased in the mouse testes as a result of WPS exposure and nootkatone reduced its effect. Densitometry quantification of two independent blots using Image Lab software showed that the NF-κB in the testes of mice exposed to WPS was significantly increased compared to that of the control and/or nootkatone-treated mice. Nootkatone caused a slight increase in NF-κB. However, its use along with WPS exposure caused a significant reduction in mice treated with nootkatone and exposed to WPS. The error bars represent the standard error of the mean of two independent experimental replicates. less than 0.05 was considered significant.