Sesamin Enhances Nrf2-Mediated Protective Defense against Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Colitis via AKT and ERK Activation

Figure 2

SSM alleviated DSS-induced acute colitis in mice by reversing proinflammatory cytokine release and antioxidation inhibition. (a) The schematic of the experimental design used in the study. (b) Changes in dietary intake. (c) Changes in body weight. (d) Changes in disease activity index (DAI). (e) Colon length in different treatment groups. (f) The colons collected on day 10 were sectioned and then stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Arrows indicate the epithelial erosion and crypt distortion and abscess. Images are displayed at 40x magnification using a bright field microscope. (g) Changes in spleen weight. (h–j) The amount of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in colon tissues of mice was determined using commercial ELISA kits. (k–m) The activity of SOD and the amount of GSH and MDA were determined in colon tissues of mice using commercial ELISA kits. Data were expressed as the (). , , and versus the control. ^#, ^##, and ^### versus the 3% DSS treatment group.

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