The Impact of High-Fat Diet on Mitochondrial Function, Free Radical Production, and Nitrosative Stress in the Salivary Glands of Wistar Rats

Table 2

Comparison between parotid and submandibular glands of the control rats ().

	C
	PG	SMG
ROS production
NOX (nmol/min/mg protein)			0.3734
XO (μU/mg protein)			<0.0001
DCFH-DA (nmol/mg protein)			0.6814
Mitochondrial activity
Complex I (mU/mg protein)			0.0004
Complex II (mU/mg protein)			0.2526
Complex II+III (mU/mg protein)			0.8755
COX (mU/mg protein)			0.1146
CS (mU/mg protein)			0.0518
H2O2 production (nmol/min/mg protein)			0.4404
ADP/ATP ratio			0.3051
Glutathione metabolism
GSH (nmol/mg protein)			0.012
GSSG (nmol/mg protein)			0.0003
Redox rate			<0.0001
GPx (mU/mg protein)			0.0003
GR (mU/mg protein)			0.0951
Oxidative and nitrosative stress
MDA (mg/mg protein)			0.3232
NO (nmol/mg protein)			<0.0001
Peroxynitrite (μmol/mg protein)			0.4244
Nitrotyrosine (pmol/mg protein)			0.311
Inflammation and apoptosis
IL-1β (pg/mg protein)			0.077
CAS-3 (μmol/min/mg protein)			0.0148

PG: parotid glands; SMG: submandibular glands; C: control group; HFD: high-fat diet group; NOX: NADPH oxidase; XO: xanthine oxidase; DCFH-DA: 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate assay for free radical production; COX: cytochrome c oxidase; CS: citrate synthase; H₂O₂: hydrogen peroxide; GPx: glutathione peroxidase; GR: glutathione reductase; GSH: reduced glutathione; GSSG: oxidized glutathione; MDA: malonaldehyde; NO: nitric oxide; IL-1β: interleukin-1β; CAS-3: caspase-3. All determinations were made in duplicate.