Research Article
The Impact of High-Fat Diet on Mitochondrial Function, Free Radical Production, and Nitrosative Stress in the Salivary Glands of Wistar Rats
Table 3
Comparison between parotid and submandibular glands of the HFD rats (
).
| | HFD | | PG | SMG | |
| | ROS production | | | | | NOX (nmol/min/mg protein) | | | 0.0076 | | XO (μU/mg protein) | | | <0.0001 | | DCFH-DA (nmol/mg protein) | | | 0.0008 | | Mitochondrial activity | | | | | Complex I (mU/mg protein) | | | 0.9502 | | Complex II (mU/mg protein) | | | 0.2665 | | Complex II+III (mU/mg protein) | | | 0.6038 | | COX (mU/mg protein) | | | 0.0858 | | CS (mU/mg protein) | | | 0.0399 | | H2O2 production (nmol/min/mg protein) | | | 0.0052 | | ADP/ATP ratio | | | 0.0448 | | Glutathione metabolism | | | | | GSH (nmol/mg protein) | | | 0.0234 | | GSSG (nmol/mg protein) | | | 0.0042 | | Redox rate | | | 0.0006 | | GPx (mU/mg protein) | | | <0.0001 | | GR (mU/mg protein) | | | 0.0350 | | Oxidative and nitrosative stress | | | | | MDA (mg/mg protein) | | | 0.0039 | | NO (nmol/mg protein) | | | <0.0001 | | Peroxynitrite (μmol/mg protein) | | | 0.8587 | | Nitrotyrosine (pmol/mg protein) | | | 0.1209 | | Inflammation and apoptosis | | | | | IL-1β (pg/mg protein) | | | 0.0071 | | CAS-3 (μmol/min/mg protein) | | | 0.0026 |
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PG: parotid glands; SMG: submandibular glands; C: control group; HFD: high-fat diet group; NOX: NADPH oxidase; XO: xanthine oxidase; DCFH-DA: 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate assay for free radical production; COX: cytochrome c oxidase; CS: citrate synthase; H2O2: hydrogen peroxide; GPx: glutathione peroxidase; GR: glutathione reductase; GSH: reduced glutathione; GSSG: oxidized glutathione; MDA: malonaldehyde; NO: nitric oxide; IL-1β: interleukin-1β; CAS-3: caspase-3. All determinations were made in duplicate.
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