PARP1 and Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation Signaling during Autophagy in Response to Nutrient Deprivation

Table 1

Nomenclature, enzymatic activity, and biological functions of PARP proteins.

PARP	Alternative names	Demonstrated activity	Cellular localization	Biological processes
PARP1	ARTD1	PARylation	(i) Nucleus	(i) DNA repair; (ii) Genome integrity; (iii) Transcription; (iv) Replication; (v) Cell cycle; (vi) Metabolism and development; (vii) Proteasome degradation; (viii) Diseases: cancer, inflammation, and HIV
PARP2	ARTD2	PARylation	(i) Nucleus	(i) DNA repair; (ii) Genome integrity; (iii) Transcription; (iv) Cell cycle; (v) Metabolism; (vi) Cancer/inflammation
PARP3	ARTD3	MARylation	(i) Nucleus	(i) DNA repair; (ii) Genome integrity; (iii) Cell cycle; (iv) Development; (v) Cancer
PARP4	ARTD4/VPARP	MARylation	(i) Nucleus; (ii) Exosomes; (iii) Cell membrane	(i) Vault biology; (ii) Cancer
TNK1	ARTD5/PARP5A	PARylation	(i) Nucleus; (ii) Telomeres; (iii) Golgi; (iv) Cytoplasm	(i) Mitotic spindle; (ii) Telomere maintenance; (iii) Metabolism
TNK2	ARTD6/PARP5B	PARylation	(i) Nucleus; (ii) Telomeres; (iii) Golgi; (iv) Cytoplasm	(i) Inflammation; (ii) Telomere maintenance?; (iii) Metabolism
PARP6	ARTD17	Not determined	(i) Cytoplasm?	(i) Cell proliferation
PARP7	ARTD14/TIPARP	MARylation	(i) Nucleus?; (ii) Cytoplasm?	(i) Transcription; (ii) Antiviral effects; (iii) Cytosolic RNA processing
PARP8	ARTD16	Not determined	(i) Not determined	(i) Unknown
PARP9	ARTD9/BAL1	Inactive/unknown	(i) Nucleus; (ii) Cell membrane; (iii) Cytoplasm?	(i) Cell migration; (ii) Tumor formation
PARP10	ARTD10	MARylation	(i) Nucleus; (ii) Cytoplasm	(i) Cell proliferation; (ii) Transcription; (iii) Cytosolic RNA processing
PARP11	ARTD11	Not determined	(i) Unknown	(i) Unknown
PARP12	ARTD12	MARylation	(i) Cytoplasm	(i) RNA processing
PARP13	ARTD13/ZAP/ZC3HAV1	Inactive/unknown	(i) Cytoplasm	(i) RNA processing
PARP14	ARTD8/BAL2	MARylation	(i) Nucleus; (ii) Cell membrane	(i) Inflammation; (ii) Transcription; (iii) Metabolism; (iv) Tumor formation; (v) Nuclear RNA processing
PARP15	ARTD7/BAL3	MARylation	(i) Cytoplasm	(i) Cytosolic RNA processing; (ii) Tumor formation
PARP16	ARTD15	MARylation	(i) Cell membrane; (ii) ER	(i) Unfolded protein response (UPR)