Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity / 2019 / Article / Tab 1 / Review Article
Circulating Leukocytes and Oxidative Stress in Cardiovascular Diseases: A State of the Art Table 1 Relevant studies highlighting the correlation between the oxidative stress level detected in circulating leukocytes and the cardiovascular phenotypes/outcomes in CVDs.
Disease Sample Level of direct and indirect markers of oxidative stress Cardiovascular phenotypes/outcomes Reference Hypertension PMNs ↑ ROS ↑ BP [32 ] Hypertension MNCs ↑ ROS ↑ C-reactive protein level [32 ] Hypertension MNCs ↑ ROS (i) Extreme dipper-type hypertension (ii) Morning BP surge-type hypertension [33 ] Hypertension MNCs ↑ ROS ↑ Left ventricular mass, carotid IMT, nocturnal BP, norepinephrine level [34 ] Hypertension PMNs ↓ ROS ↑ Antioxidant activity ↑ Response to antihypertensive agents ↓ BP [35 –38 ] Cardiac syndrome X MNCs ↑ ROS ↑ Cardiovascular events [44 ] Atherosclerosis PBMCs ↑ CD36 expression ↑ Cholesterol level and oxLDL [45 ] Diabetes PBMCs ↑ p66Shc expression ↑ Macroangiopathy [50 ] CAD PBMCs ↑ ROS ↑ Mitochondrial dysfunction ↓ Antioxidant genes ACS [25 ] CAD PBMCs ↑ ROS ↓ Antioxidant defence ↓ LTL Premature CAD [56 ] CAD PBMCs ↑ LTL Response to statin therapy [57 ] Stroke PMNs ↑ ROS ↑ Ischaemic brain attack [62 ] HF PBMCs ↑ ROS ↑ oxLDL ↑ DNA damage ↑ Severity of HF [65 ] HF PBMCs ↑ ROS ↓ Antioxidant defence SIRS development after CF-LVAD implant surgery [73 ] HF PBMCs ↓ ROS Response to vitamin C therapy Improved endothelial function [66 ] CHF PBMCs Mitochondrial dysfunction ↑ ROS ↓ Mitophagy Not evaluated [27 ] HF PBMCs ↓ SIRT1 ↑ ROS Reduced cardiac compensation status [69 ] CHF PBMCs ↑ ROS ↑ Hospital readmission [71 ]
ACS: acute coronary syndrome; BP: blood pressure; CAD: coronary artery disease; HF: heart failure; CF-LVAD: continuous flow left ventricular assist device; CVDs: cardiovascular diseases; IMT: intima-media thickening; LTL: leukocyte telomere length; MNCs: mononuclear cells; oxLDL: oxidized low-density lipoprotein; PBMCs: peripheral blood mononuclear cells; PMNs: polymorphonuclear leukocytes; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SIRS: systemic inflammatory response syndrome; SIRT1: sirtuin 1.