Sulforaphane: Its “Coming of Age” as a Clinically Relevant Nutraceutical in the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Disease

Table 1

Major randomized placebo-controlled trials investigating the effects of the antioxidant supplement on prevention of diabetes or glucose homeostasis.

Study	Study population	Duration (years)	Antioxidants (daily dose)	Endpoint	Results
Women’s Health Study	38,716 healthy U.S. women	10	Vitamin E (α-tocopherol: 600 IU; 933.3 μmol)	Incident diabetes	No effect
Women’s Antioxidant Cardiovascular Study	6,574 nondiabetic U.S. women at high risk of cardiovascular disease	9.2	Vitamin E (α-tocopherol: 300 IU; 466.7 μmol); Vitamin C (500 mg; 2.84 Mmol); Beta-carotene (25 mg; 46.6 μmol)	Incident diabetes	No effect
Physician Health Study	22,071 healthy U.S. male physicians	12	Beta-carotene (25 mg; 46.6 μmol)	Incident diabetes	No effect
Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study	27,379 nondiabetic male Finnish smokers	12.5	Vitamin E (α-tocopherol 50 mg; 116.1 μmol); Beta-carotene (20 mg; 37.3 μmol)	Incident diabetes	No effect
Supplementation with Antioxidant Vitamins and Minerals study	3,146 nondiabetic French	7.5	Vitamin C (120 mg; 681.4 μmol); Vitamin E (30 mg; 104.5 μmol); Beta-carotene (6 mg; 11.2 μmol); Selenium (100 μg; 1.27 μmol); Zinc (20 mg; 306 μmol)	Fasting glucose	No effect