Alterations of Antioxidant Enzymes and Biomarkers of Nitro-oxidative Stress in Tissues of Bladder Cancer

Table 1

Modifications of expression of NADPH oxidase (NOX4), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and nitric oxide (NO) levels in bladder cancer patients and controls.

Markers	Samples	Levels	References
NADPH oxidase (NOX4)	Tissue; BC tissue () vs. normal bladder tissue ()	2-fold increase in NO4-positive cells (/1000) ()	[30]
Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)	Tissue; Invasive BC () vs. noninvasive BC (); High grade BC () vs. low grade BC ()	iNOS pos (%); 100% vs. 71% (); 91% vs. 50% ()	[31]
Nitric oxide (NO) levels	Tissue; BC tissues () vs. normal bladder tissue ()	NO levels (nmol/g tissue); vs. ()	[32]
	Serum; BC patients () vs. controls ()	NO levels (μmol/L); vs. ()	[33]
	BC patients () vs. controls ()	vs. ()	[32]
	Urine; BC patients () vs. controls ()	NO levels (μmol/100 mg urinary creatinine); vs. ()	[32]