Salvianolic Acid A Protects the Kidney against Oxidative Stress by Activating the Akt/GSK-3β/Nrf2 Signaling Pathway and Inhibiting the NF-κB Signaling Pathway in 5/6 Nephrectomized Rats

Figure 3

The effects of SAA on HK-2 cell viability and the levels of T-SOD, GPx, CAT activity, MDA, ROS, and NOX-4 in H₂O₂-induced HK-2 cells. Cells were pretreated with or without various concentrations of SAA for 2 h and then coincubated with or without H₂O₂ (300 μmol/L) for the indicated time. (a) Effects of various concentrations of H₂O₂ on HK-2 cell viability and (b) effects of SAA on 300 μmol/L H₂O₂-induced HK-2 cell viability were assessed by MTT assay. The levels of (c) T-SOD activity, (d) GPx activity, (e) CAT activity, and (f) MDA were measured using commercial kits; (g, h) the levels of ROS were determined by 2,7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA); (i) the expression of NOX-4 protein was analyzed by Western blot; (j) NOX-4 protein expression relative to protein β-actin expression. Data are expressed as the (). and vs the control group; and vs the H₂O₂ group.

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