Salvianolic Acid A Protects the Kidney against Oxidative Stress by Activating the Akt/GSK-3β/Nrf2 Signaling Pathway and Inhibiting the NF-κB Signaling Pathway in 5/6 Nephrectomized Rats

Figure 4

The effects of SAA on the Akt/GSK-3β/Nrf2 signaling pathway in H₂O₂-induced HK-2 cells. Cells were pretreated with or without various concentrations of SAA for 2 h and then coincubated with or without H₂O₂ (300 μmol/L) for the indicated time. (a) The protein expression levels of p-Akt, Akt, p-GSK-3β, and GSK-3β were analyzed by Western blot; (b) p-Akt protein expression relative to Akt protein levels; (c) p-GSK-3β protein expression relative to GSK-3β protein levels; (d) the protein expression levels of nuclear Nrf2 and cytosolic Nrf2 were analyzed by Western blot; (e) nuclear Nrf2 protein expression relative to histone H3 protein expression; (f) cytosolic Nrf2 protein expression relative to β-actin protein expression; (g) the protein expression levels of HO-1 were analyzed by Western blot; (h) HO-1 protein expression relative to β-actin protein expression. Data are expressed as the (). vs the control group; and vs the H₂O₂ group.

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