Oxidative Stress Indices as Markers of Lead and Cadmium Exposure Toxicity in Auto Technicians in Ibadan, Nigeria

Table 5

Characteristics of participants in the study.

Variables	Controls	Frequency (%)	Auto technicians
				Frequency (%)
Education					0.001
Graduate	17	54.8	0	0
Post graduate	7	22.6	0	0
Senior school cert	2	6.5	17	50.0
Undergraduate	5	16.1	0	0
Primary school	0	0.0	12	35.8
Junior secondary	0	0.0	4	11.8
No formal education	0	0.0	1	2.9
Ethnic group					0.051
Yoruba	26	83.9	34	100
Igbo	3	9.7	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0
Others	2	6.5	0	0
Work environment					0.001
Indoor	31	100	20	0
Workshop	0	0	14	58.8
Outdoor	0	0	0	42.2
Alcohol consumption					0.304
Yes	8	25.8	13	38.2
No	23	74.2	21	61.8
Herbal concoction consumption					0.001
Yes	16	51.6	32	94.1
No	15	48.4	2	5.9
Analgesic use					0.427
Yes	15	55.6	23	67.6
No	12	44.4	11	32.4
Multivitamin use					1.000
Yes	18	62.1	21	63.6
No	11	37.9	13	36.4
Days of work					0.001
5 days	23	74.2	4	11.8
6 days	6	19.4	27	79.4
7 days	2	6.5	3	8.8
Drug use					4.93
Yes	0	0	2	5.9
No	31	100	32	94.1
Fruit and vegetable					0.065
Occasionally	8	25.8	14	41.2
Daily	18	58.1	10	29.4
Weekly	5	16.1	10	29.4