Astrocyte-Targeted Transporter-Utilizing Derivatives of Ferulic Acid Can Have Multifunctional Effects Ameliorating Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in the Brain

<div>(a) Inhibitory effects of 100 <i>μ</i>M ferulic acid (FA) and its LAT1-utilizing derivatives <b>1</b>-<b>3</b> as well as those of 1 <i>μ</i>M rapamycin or 100 <i>μ</i>M gabapentin or metformin on mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) total amount after 48 h incubation. (b) The effects of 100 <i>μ</i>M FA-derivative <b>2</b> on the total amount of NF-<i>κ</i>B after incubation for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. Data are presented as the <svg height="9.10327pt" id="M118" style="vertical-align:-0.3499298pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.75334 58.1969 9.10327" width="58.1969pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M797 0V26C739 32 732 36 732 103V296C732 394 682 449 605 449C576 449 550 437 529 423C504 407 475 389 446 366C425 418 382 449 334 449C303 449 279 437 253 421C222 403 201 385 180 371V452C135 432 85 419 41 411V388C99 379 102 374 102 310V103C102 38 93 32 27 26V0H238V26C189 32 180 38 180 103V338C210 363 250 390 289 390C351 390 377 348 377 275V103C377 37 368 32 306 26V0H520V26C465 32 456 38 456 101V296C456 314 455 326 453 338C491 369 529 390 565 390C628 390 653 345 653 274V107C653 36 642 32 583 26V0H797Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,10.595,0)"><path d="M380 106C343 72 306 56 265 56C195 56 116 112 115 248C235 252 361 262 377 265C396 269 400 277 400 297C400 374 333 449 250 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one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s test).</div>

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

fig6

Figure 6

Figure 6: Astrocyte-Targeted Transporter-Utilizing Derivatives of Ferulic Acid Can Have Multifunctional Effects Ameliorating Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in the Brain 

Figure 6 | Astrocyte-Targeted Transporter-Utilizing Derivatives of Ferulic Acid Can Have Multifunctional Effects Ameliorating Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in the Brain 