Sulforaphane-Enriched Broccoli Sprouts Pretreated by Pulsed Electric Fields Reduces Neuroinflammation and Ameliorates Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia in Mouse Brain through Its Antioxidant Ability via Nrf2-HO-1 Activation

Figure 9

Broccoli sprout extract repaired the memory impairment by inhibiting neuronal apoptosis against scopolamine induced toxicity in vivo. Experimental animals were exposed with 1.2 mg/kg scopolamine and 2 mg/kg of donepezil for the donepezil group and 200 mg/kg broccoli samples. The treated animal’s spatial memory was evaluated by the (a, b) Y-maze test, (c) novel object recognition test (NORT), (d) acetylcholine esterase activity assay in animal brain, (e, f) passive avoidance test in acute condition (one time per-oral treatment and toxicity induction) and chronic condition (two weeks’ per-oral treatment and toxicity induction). After sacrifice, mouse whole brains were collected and homogenized with tissue lysis buffer and western blot analysis was performed. (g-i) Bax, Bcl2, and cleaved caspase-3 expression and their quantification. All data are presented as error of the mean of three independent experiments. , , and indicate significant differences compared with treatment with scopolamine alone while and indicate the significant differences compared with an untreated control group. Ctl: control; SB: sprout broccoli; SB-Enz: sprout broccoli with induced enzyme activity; SB-PEF: sprout broccoli with PEF treatment; SB-Enz-PEF: sprout broccoli with activated enzyme activity and PEF treatment.

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