Apolipoprotein E Deficiency Aggravates Neuronal Injury by Enhancing Neuroinflammation via the JNK/c-Jun Pathway in the Early Phase of Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Mice

Figure 7

Involvement of JNK in microglial inflammation and neuronal injury. (a) In vitro experiment using cultured microglia incubated with Hb or vehicle control for 24 h. The conditioned medium was applied for incubation of neurons for 24 h. (b) Hb stimulated nitrite expression in microglia. As the doses of Hb increased, the nitrite expression elevated in microglia (, ). (c) Hb induced phosphorylation of c-Jun in microglia (, ). SP600125 attenuated c-Jun phosphorylation after Hb incubation (^##, ). (d–f) Hb induced cytokine expression including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in microglia (, compared to ctrl.), while SP600125 inhibited cytokine expression stimulated by Hb (^#, ^##, ). (g) Conditioned medium of Hb-treated microglia induced neuronal apoptosis (, ), while conditioned medium from SP600125-treated microglia attenuated neuronal apoptosis (^#). .

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