Antibodies associated with hypercoagulability
In hemodialysis, systemic thrombosis and vascular access thrombosis coexist [86]
High incidence of infectious, cardiovascular, and thrombotic events
Antibodies more frequent in those with glomerulonephritis than in those undergoing kidney transplantation
Thrombotic disorders/thrombocytopenia of the arterial and/or venous systems [86]
Disproportionately high rates of arteriosclerosis [91]
High risk of developing renal thrombosis in 1 week after transplant, thrombosis can be limited to the graft [46]
Thrombosis can occur in the second week after transplantation and represents 12.2% of failed primary transplants and 19.2% of failed repeated transplants [89] | Venous thrombophilic and arterial autoimmune condition [1]
Primary; absence of another related disease. The initial presentation may be with vasculitis [2]. The kidney can be the initial target [3]
Secondary to another concurrent autoimmune disease
The presentation may vary; it mimics many other medical conditions
Kidney clinical manifestations [4]
Hypertension, microscopic hematuria, proteinuria (from mild to nephritic levels), renal insufficiency, thrombosis or stenosis of the renal artery, thrombosis of the renal vein, graft loss due to thrombosis after kidney transplantation, injury of the renal microvasculature (renal nephropathy) APA
Kidney biopsy [5]
Acute lesions of thrombotic microangiopathy, chronic intrarenal vascular lesions, intimal fibrous interlobular hyperplasia, recanalizing arterial and arteriolar thrombosis, fibrous arterial occlusion, and focal cortical atrophy |
