Vanillic Acid Restores Coenzyme Q Biosynthesis and ATP Production in Human Cells Lacking COQ6

Figure 5

(a) Mitochondrial ROS evaluated using mitochondrially targeted ro-GFP. (b, c) Total cellular ROS evaluated using the CM-H₂DCFDA probe (see methods for details). (c) Representative photomicrographs of the same cells (magnification ×40).

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(b)

(c)