The Roles of GABA in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in the Central Nervous System and Peripheral Organs

Table 2

Protective effects of GABA receptor enhancers on myocardial I/R injuries and the potential mechanisms.

Species	I/R model	Drugs and dose	Effects and mechanisms	References
Wistar rats: in vivo and in vitro	Ischemic 20 min, reperfusion 5 min	Phenazepam preconditioning 1 mg/kg	Anticonvulsant and antiarrhythmic effect by central nervous system	[191]
Chick cardiomyocyte in vitro	Ischemia 1 h, reoxygenation 3 h	Flumazenil preconditioning 10 μmol/L	Inhibiting ROS/mitochondrial K(ATP) channel	[192]
Chick cardiomyocyte in vitro	Ischemia 10 min, reoxygenation 10 min	Flumazenil preconditioning 10 μmol/L	Inhibiting protein kinase C/mitochondrial K(ATP) channel	[193]
Chick embryonic cardiomyocyte in vitro	Hypoxia 1 h, reoxygenation 3 h	Diazepam preconditioning (100 μmol/L)	Inhibiting protein kinase C epsilon	[194]
Isolated rat heart ex vitro	LPS-induced ischemia 5 h, reoxygenation 20 min	Diazepam in reperfusion (3.0 μg/mL)	Myocardial functional parameters and coronary flow	[195]
Rat cardiomyocytes in vitro	Hypoxia 1 h, subsequent reoxygenation	Clonazepam in reoxygenation (100 μmol/L)	Ca^2+ accumulation by reducing Ca^2+ influx and preserves mitochondrial membrane potential	[196]