Impaired Mitochondrial Fusion and Oxidative Phosphorylation Triggered by High Glucose Is Mediated by Tom22 in Endothelial Cells

Figure 1

Impairment of Tom22 expression and the mitochondrial network of HUVECs treated with high glucose. (a) Real-time PCR analysis of Tom22 expression in HUVECs exposed to different glucose concentrations for 48 hr (). (b) Real-time PCR analysis of Tom22 expression in HUVECs exposed to 30 mmol/l D-glucose for 24 or 48 hr (). (c) Representative Western blot and quantification analysis of the Tom22 (22 kDa) protein level in HUVECs exposed to different concentrations of glucose for 48 hr (). (d) Representative Western blot and quantification analysis of the Tom22 (22 kDa) protein level in HUVECs exposed to 30 mmol/l D-glucose for 24 or 48 hr (). (e) Representative confocal microscopy images of HUVECs stained with MitoTracker® Deep Red at different concentrations for 48 hr. Scale bar: 10 μm. (f) Quantification of the form factor (FF) and aspect ratio (AR) of the mitochondrial networks seen in (e) (). (g) Representative transmission electron microscopy images. Most mitochondria became smaller and punctate with significantly short in length in HUVECs treated with high glucose. Scale bar: 200 nm. (, , , and vs. control). Control: normal culture medium; HG15: D-glucose 15 mmol/l; and HG30: D-glucose 30 mmol/l. All data are presented as the .

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)