Stimulation of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase with an Antibody against Its 4^th Extracellular Region Attenuates Angiotensin II-Induced H9c2 Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy via an AMPK/SIRT3/PPARγ Signaling Pathway

Figure 7

Schematic illustration showing the mechanisms for the protective effects of DR-Ab. DR-Ab protects against Ang II-induced cell injury by stabilization of membrane NKA and stimulation of its activity. This helps to maintain the normal intracellular ion homeostasis, thus reserves the cell size. DR-Ab inhibits NADPH oxidase activity by downregulation of p22^phox and p47^phox expression. Meanwhile, DR-Ab inhibits mitochondrial ROS generation and preserves mitochondrial function through stimulation of the AMPK/Sirt-3/PPARγ signaling pathway.