Traditional Uses, Bioactive Constituents, Biological Functions, and Safety Properties of Oviductus ranae as Functional Foods in China

Table 3

Safety properties of Oviductus ranae and its active principle as well as preparations.

Active principle/preparation	Main constituents	Tests	Model	Dosage	Results	Reference
Raw material	Oviductus ranae	Acute toxicity	Mice (in vivo)	2.5-20 g/kg BW, i.g., single-dose administration, followed by an observation of 14 days	BW	[19]
		Subacute toxicity	Rats (in vivo)	1.75, 3.5, and 7 g/kg BW, i.g., for 28 days	BW
		Ames test	Salmonella typhimurium strains (in vitro)	8-5000 μg/plate	None
		Micronucleus test	Mice (in vivo)	2.5, 5, and 10 g/kg BW, i.g., for 2 days	None
		Sperm malformation assay	Mice (in vivo)	2.5, 5, and 10 g/kg BW, i.g., for 5 days, followed by an observation of 30 days	None
Active principle	Protein-rich extract from Oviductus ranae	Acute toxicity	Mice (in vivo)	5, 10, and 20 g/kg BW, i.g., single-dose administration, followed by an observation of 14 days	BW	[84]
Compound Danggui-Shuangshen-Hamayou tablet	Ginseng, Angelica sinensis, Salviae miltiorrhizae, and Oviductus ranae	Acute toxicity	Mice (in vivo)	20 g/kg BW, i.g., single-dose administration, followed by an observation of 7 days	BW	[148]
		Micronucleus test	Mice (in vivo)	2.5, 5, and 10 g/kg BW, i.g., for 2 days	None
		Sperm malformation assay	Mice (in vivo)	2.5, 5, and 10 g/kg BW, i.g., for 5 days, followed by an observation of 30 days	None
Hamayou soft capsule	Oviductus ranae	Ames test	Salmonella typhimurium strains (in vitro)	0.313-5 g/plate	None	[149]
		Micronucleus test	Mice (in vivo)	0.94-7.5 g/kg BW, i.g., for 4 days	None
		Sperm malformation assay	Mice (in vivo)	1.88, 3.75, and 7.5 g/kg BW, i.g., for 5 days, followed by an observation of 30 days	None

Abbreviations: BW: body weight; i.g.: intragastric administration; MTD: maximal tolerated dose; NOAEL: no-observed-adverse-effect levels.