Biotransformation of Cranberry Proanthocyanidins to Probiotic Metabolites by Lactobacillus rhamnosus Enhances Their Anticancer Activity in HepG2 Cells In Vitro

Table 3

The IC₅₀ (mg/L) for cytotoxic effect in HepG2 cells of various cranberry fractions before and after bioconversion.

Assay	Source	Bioconversion	24 h	48 h
MTS	CR	Before	>500	>500
		After	340.9	319.6
	AN	Before	130.1	121.3
		After	241.7	266.7
	FL+DHC	Before	206.8	223.0
		After	115.8	102.6
	PA+C	Before	58.9	47.8
		After	41.2	36.4
	PR	Before	164.9	107.2
		After	47.8	20.1
	4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid		183.5	136.9
	3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid		219.0	153.6

The cell viability was measured using the MTS assay after incubation of HepG2 cells with test extracts for either 24 or 48 h. CR: crude; FL+DHC: flavonol+dihydrochalcone; PA+C: phenolic acid+catechin; AN: anthocyanin; PR: proanthocyanin. Control contains L. rhamnosus and growth medium with no CP extracts added.