Application of Urinary Polyphenol Biomarkers Measured by Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry to Assess Polyphenol Intake and Their Association with Overweight and Obesity in Free-Living Healthy Subjects
Table 1
Characteristics of the study participants by the score of 22 urinary polyphenol biomarkers.
Characteristic a
Tertile of score of 22 urinary polyphenol biomarkers b
trendc
T1
T2
T3
Number
41
41
41
Age (y)
0.014
Male, (%)
24 (58.5)
16 (39.0)
12 (29.3)
0.008
BMI (kg/m2)
0.425
SBP (mmHg)
0.482
DBP (mmHg)
0.711
FBG (mmol/L)
0.618
TG (mmol/L)
1.0 (0.8~1.5)
1.0 (0.6~1.5)
0.9 (0.6~1.3)
0.104
TC (mmol/L)
0.646
HDL-C (mmol/L)
1.3 (1.1~1.5)
1.4 (1.3~1.7)
1.5 (1.2~1.8)
0.017
LDL-C (mmol/L)
2.6 (2.3~3.4)
3.1 (2.4~3.9)
2.7 (2.3~3.4)
0.911
UA (μmol/L)
0.010
CREA (μmol/L)
0.030
Overweight/obesityd, (%)
13 (31.7)
16 (39.0)
6 (14.6)
0.088
Hypertensiond, (%)
6 (14.6)
4 (9.8)
3 (7.3)
0.373e
Dyslipidemiad, (%)
8 (19.5)
7 (17.1)
8 (19.5)
1.000
Impaired fasting glucosed, (%)
1 (2.4)
3 (7.3)
2 (4.9)
0.802e
MetSd, (%)
3 (7.3)
0 (0)
0 (0)
—
Current smoker, (%)
8 (19.5)
4 (9.8)
9 (22.0)
0.884e
Current drinker, (%)
14 (34.1)
6 (14.6)
6 (14.6)
0.031
High levels of physical activity, (%)
15 (37.5)
17 (41.5)
17 (41.5)
0.719
High consumption of vegetables, (%)
20 (48.8)
23 (56.1)
26 (63.4)
0.184
High consumption of fruits, (%)
11 (26.8)
18 (43.9)
29 (70.7)
<0.001
High levels of polyphenol content of consumption fruits, (%)
15 (36.6)
14 (34.1)
16 (39.0)
0.819
High consumption of coffee, (%)
3 (7.3)
2 (4.9)
2 (4.9)
0.815e
High consumption of tea, (%)
6 (14.6)
11 (26.8)
14 (34.1)
0.043
Polyphenol-rich diet, (%)
7 (17.1)
10 (24.4)
19 (46.3)
0.004
CRP (mg/L)
0.6 (0.3~1.1)
0.8 (0.5~1.6)
0.5 (0.2~1.2)
0.609
IsoP (ng/L)
92.4 (57.8~138.1)
117.0 (50.0~164.1)
83.9 (45.3~123.1)
0.459
uTP (mg GAE/g Crea)
77.4 (63.7~98.4)
117.8 (95.4~136.7)
145.8 (120.0~211.1)
<0.001
BMI: body mass index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; FBG: fasting blood glucose; TG: triglyceride; TC: total cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; UA: uric acid; CREA: creatinine; MetS: metabolic syndrome; CRP: C-reactive protein; IsoP: 8-isoprostane; uTP: urinary total polyphenol. aData are the , median (interquartile range) for continuous variables, or cases (percentage) for categorical variables. bThe score of 22 urinary polyphenol biomarkers was computed by the summary of the score of each biomarker/22. c values for trend. dDefined according to the criteria of metabolic syndrome from Chinese Diabetes Society (CDS) (2004) for Chinese. e values for the Fisher exact test.
