Dynamic Resistance Training Improves Cardiac Autonomic Modulation and Oxidative Stress Parameters in Chronic Stroke Survivors: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Table 3

Hemodynamic and autonomic parameters at baseline and after 10 weeks.

Variables	CG ()		∆ (ES)	TG ()		∆ (ES)
	Baseline	Post		Baseline	Post
Hemodynamics
SBP (mmHg)	133 (94-139)	129 (99-140)	0.3 (-0.0)	130 (94–139)	121 (95–137)	-5.6 (0.4)
DBP (mmHg)			0.6 (-0.1)			-0.9 (0.1)
HR (bpm)			1.7 (-0.1)		^†	-6.4 (0.6)
DP ()			10.9 (0)		^†	-1168.0 (0.8)
Autonomics
Time domain indexes
SDNN (ms)			-1.0 (0.1)		^†	9.4 (-1.0)
rMSSD (ms)			-4.5 (0.6)		^†	7.1 (-0.7)
Nonlinear indexes
SD1 (ms)			-3.2 (0.6)		^†	5.1 (-0.7)
SD2 (ms)			0 (0)		^†	11.8 (-0.9)

SD: standard deviation of the mean; ES: effect size; CG: control group; TG: training group; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; DP: double product; SDNN: selected standard deviation of normal R-R intervals; rMSSD: square root of the mean squared differences between adjacent normal R-R intervals, expressed in ms; SD1: short variation of R-R interval; SD2: represents HRV in long-term records. Data are shown as or median; vs. baseline; ^† vs. CG.