Additional Effects of Nutritional Antioxidant Supplementation on Peripheral Muscle during Pulmonary Rehabilitation in COPD Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Table 1

Baseline clinical, functional, and muscle characteristics of the randomized study population.

	PR placebo group ()	PR antioxidant group ()	value
Age (years)			0.55
Sex ratio (W/M)	13/13	16/15	0.90
BMI (kg/m^2)			0.78
Fat-free mass index (kg/m^2)			0.85
Muscle mass index (kg/m^2)			0.74
(%pred)			0.41
ratio			0.99
BODE score			0.60
Breathlessness (MRC score)			0.81
Tobacco consumption (pack years)			0.63
Physical activity level score			0.85
(m)			0.96
(%pred)			0.64
(watt)			0.17
(%pred)			0.84
(ml/min/kg)	()	()	0.16
(%pred)	()	()	0.16
VO2 at VT (ml/min/kg)			0.42
(N·m)			0.52
(%pred)			0.39
Qend (s)			0.75
Type I muscle fiber %			0.09
Type I muscle fiber CSA (μm^2)			0.22
Non-type I muscle fiber CSA (μm^2)			0.84
All muscle fiber CSA (μm^2)			0.34

Postbronchodilatation. Results are expressed as . Definition of abbreviations: COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; PR: pulmonary rehabilitation; W/M: women/men; BMI: body mass index (kg/m²); (%pred): forced expiratory volume in 1 second; BODE index: body mass index, airway obstruction, dyspnea, exercise capacity index (); MRC: Medical Research Council; (m): six-minute walking distance; : symptom-limited power output; : symptom-limited oxygen uptake; VT: ventilatory threshold; (N·m^-1): quadriceps maximal voluntary contraction expressed in Newtons; Qend (s): quadriceps endurance time expressed in seconds; CSA: cross-sectional area expressed in μm².