Additional Effects of Nutritional Antioxidant Supplementation on Peripheral Muscle during Pulmonary Rehabilitation in COPD Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Table 5

Outcome assessment: clinical, functional, and muscle parameters.

	PR placebo group ()			PR antioxidant group ()			Mean difference of relative change	Adjusted mean difference of relative change^#
	Pre	Post	Relative change (%)	Pre	Post	Relative change (%)
Qend (s)							-	-
(N·m^-1)			-
Muscle mass index (kg/m^2)						-	-	-
Muscle fiber cross-sectional area (μm^2)
Type I muscle fiber proportion (%)
(m)							-	-
(W)							-	-
(ml/min/kg)	()	()		()	()
VO2 at VT (ml/min/kg)
BMI (kg/m^2)			-			-	-	-
Fat-free mass index (kg/m^2)

, , and . ^#Mean adjusted value on the corticosteroid . Definition of abbreviations: (% pred): symptom-limited power output; (% pred): symptom-limited oxygen uptake; VT: ventilatory threshold.