A Protective Role of Paeoniflorin in Fluctuant Hyperglycemia-Induced Vascular Endothelial Injuries through Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Effects and Reduction of PKCβ1

Figure 3

Effects of paeoniflorin (PF) on inflammatory factor and oxidative stress levels in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) under different concentrations of glucose for 8 days. HUVECs were cultured in the presence of normal (5.56 mmol/L), high (25 mmol/L), or alternating normal/high concentrations, as described in Materials and Methods. The levels of TNF-α (a), PECAM-1 (b), AOPPs (c), and T-AOC (d) in HUVECs induced by different pretreatments were determined in the various groups. Data are presented as deviation. and vs. glucose 5.56 mmol/L; and vs. 25 mmol/L. MH: metformin hydrochloride.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)