4-Hydroxy-Trans-2-Nonenal in the Regulation of Anti-Oxidative and Pro-Inflammatory Signaling Pathways

Figure 5

Central role of HNE and its metabolites in the regulation of various signaling pathways leading to various human disease pathologies. A summary of important signaling intermediates and cellular processes affect by HNE and its metabolites which can contribute to the pathophysiology of various human disorders are listed.