Effects of Microvesicles on Cell Apoptosis under Hypoxia

Figure 3

Different mechanisms of apoptosis induced by MVs. (a) MVs carry ROS and transfer it to target cells; increased oxidative stress in cells induce apoptosis through P38 and JNK1/2 pathways; (b) MVs carry caspase 3 and transfer it to target cells, increase the content of ROS in cells, and increase apoptosis by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway; (c) FasL and TRAIL on the surface of MVs bind to the corresponding receptors Fas and TNFR on the surface of target cells and participate in the activation of downstream apoptotic cascade reaction.

(a)

(b)

(c)