Andrographolide Derivative AL-1 Ameliorates Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Murine Colitis by Inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK Signaling Pathways

Figure 7

AL-1 reduces proinflammatory cytokine production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. (a–d) RAW 264.7 cells were pretreated with the indicated concentration of AL-1 for 1 h and then stimulated with LPS (1 μg/mL) for 24 h. And the secretion of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and PGE₂ in cell culture supernatants was assessed by ELISA. Values are expressed as (). compared with the control group and ^#, ^##, and ^### compared with the vehicle+LPS group. (e–g) The mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α was determined using quantitative real-time PCR in RAW 264.7 cells. mRNA expression was normalized to β-actin expression. Values are expressed as (). compared with the control group and ^#, ^##, and ^### compared with the vehicle+LPS group.

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