TRPA1 Promotes Cardiac Myofibroblast Transdifferentiation after Myocardial Infarction Injury via the Calcineurin-NFAT-DYRK1A Signaling Pathway

Figure 1

Effect of TRPA1 on the course of cardiac fibrosis after MI injury. (a) Survival curves of Trpa1^+/+ (WT), Trpa1^-/- (KO), and CA-pretreated WT (CA) littermates after sham or permanent coronary ligation surgery (MI). per group. (b and c) Western blot analysis and quantification of the TRPA1 protein level in the ventricles of MI-injured mice. Molecular weights in kDa are shown to the right of the blots. per group. (d) Representative M-mode echocardiography images of mice. (e) Measurement of the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS), and left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD). per group. (f) Representative images of Masson’s trichrome staining. Red, viable myocardium; blue, fibrosis due to infarction damage (scale  mm). (g) Quantitative analysis of the fibrotic area (blue). per group. (h) Picrosirius red staining for collagens in sections of myocardium as observed via optical microscopy (scale  mm). (i) Under polarized light, the orange and red colors indicate type I collagen deposition and the green and yellow colors indicate type III collagen deposition in the myocardial infarct region (scale  μm). (j) Collagen subtype ratio in the infarct region as calculated by image analysis. per group. (k) The TGF-β level in the myocardial tissue lysis supernatant was quantified by ELISA. per group. The error bars represent the and . The data are representative of the results of three or more independent experiments.

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