Nitric Oxide Metabolites and Lung Cancer Incidence: A Matched Case-Control Study Nested in the ESTHER Cohort

Table 1

Baseline characteristics of the incident lung cancer cases and matched controls, the ESTHER study (2000-2014).

Characteristics	Incident lung cancer cases			Controls
	(cases)	%	Median (IQR)	(controls)	%	Median (IQR)
Age (years)	245	—	62 (59-68)	735	—	63 (59-68)	0.885
Sex
Female	75	30.6		226	30.7	—
Male	170	69.4		509	69.3	—
Smoking status							0.937
Never smoker	29	12.1		93	13.0	—
Former smoker	87	36.2		260	36.2	—
Current smoker	124	51.7		365	50.8	—
Pack-years of smoking	221	—	34.8 (19.3-48.0)	624	—	33.8 (14.0-47.4)	0.423
School education (years)							0.077
≤9	198	83.2	—	551	77.0	—
10-11	19	8.0	—	82	11.4	—
≥12	21	8.8	—	83	11.6	—
Physical activity							0.182
Inactive	67	27.6	—	165	22.5	—
Sedentary	110	45.3	—	351	48.0	—
Vigorously active	66	27.1	—	216	29.5	—
BMI (kg/m^2)							0.037
<25	83	33.9	—	202	27.0	—
25 - <30	103	42.0	—	330	44.2	—
≥30	59	24.1	—	215	28.8	—
Meat consumption							0.711
<once/week	81	36.0	—	259	37.4	—
Once/week	133	54.2	—	369	53.3	—
>once/week	22	9.8	—	65	9.4	—
Vegetable consumption							0.338
<once/week	25	10.6	—	110	15.6	—
Once/week	160	68.1	—	442	62.5	—
>once/week	50	21.3	—	155	21.9	—
Asthma							0.292
Yes	21	8.9	—	49	6.8	—
No	216	91.1	—	671	93.2	—
Family history of lung cancer							0.709
Yes	27	11.4	—	76	10.5	—
No	210	88.6	—	646	89.5	—
CRP (mg/L)	243	—	2.6 (1.3-5.8)	729	—	2.2 (1.1-5.1)	0.164
8-Isoprostane (nmol/mmol creatinine)	240		0.25 (0.18-0.33)	729		0.23 (0.17-0.31)	0.059
Nitrite/nitrate (μmol/mmol creatinine)	245	—	122 (80-206)	733	—	114 (75-170)	0.081

Abbreviation: BMI: body mass index; CRP: C-reactive protein. Note: lung cancer cases and controls were 1 : 3 matched for age, sex, smoking status, and pack-years of smoking.