Vitamin D Deficiency Is Associated with Muscle Atrophy and Reduced Mitochondrial Function in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain

Figure 2

The level of atrogin-1 (Fbx32) visualized by representative western blotting (a) and measured with ELISA (b) in all LBP patients, female and male in skeletal muscle. Changes in WB protein densitometry levels were normalized against β-tubulin. a.u.: arbitrary units; F: female; M: male. Results were expressed as the . (a) SUF (), DEF (), and SUPL (). (b) SUF (), DEF (), SUPL (), SUF F (), SUF M (), DEF F (), DEF M (), SUPL F (), and SUPL M (). —difference between the indicated result/mean and female SUF group. ^#—difference between the indicated result/mean and men in the same group.

(a)

(b)